Policy Dialogue on Women’s Health with Special focus on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOs)

Abstract

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age and represents a major but often under-recognized public health concern. Affecting approximately 6–20% of women globally, PCOS is characterized by complex interactions involving hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, and genetic and environmental factors. It is increasingly understood as a multisystem disorder rather than a purely reproductive condition, with long-term risks including type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, infertility, and psychological distress. Despite its high prevalence, PCOS remains underdiagnosed, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, due to limited awareness, diagnostic challenges, and fragmented healthcare systems.This expert review highlights key insights from a policy dialogue organized by the Institute of Public Health, emphasizing the need for integrated clinical and public health responses. Diagnosis is often delayed due to phenotypic variability and reliance on Rotterdam criteria, requiring improved clinical training and standardized protocols. Psychological impacts such as anxiety, depression, and reduced quality of life further underscore the need for holistic management. Lifestyle modification, including diet, exercise, and weight management, remains the cornerstone of treatment, supported by pharmacological and individualized care approaches.From a health systems perspective, the burden of PCOS necessitates inclusion in primary healthcare services, development of national guidelines, and establishment of multidisciplinary clinics. Community awareness, early screening, and digital health interventions are also essential for improving outcomes. Strengthening research, surveillance systems, and policy integration will support evidence-based decision-making. Overall, addressing PCOS requires a shift from isolated clinical care to coordinated public health action to improve women’s reproductive, metabolic, and psychological health outcomes.