Evaluation of the PinkDetect Digital Program for Early Breast Cancer Detection in Pakistan

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer remains the most frequently diagnosed malignancy among women in Pakistan, contributing to a high mortality rate due to diagnostic delays and lack of coordinated screening systems. Digital health innovations have the potential to overcome these barriers by improving awareness, triage, and referral processes.

Method: A quasi-experimental mixed-methods study was conducted from October 2024 to August 2025 across seven healthcare institutions in Punjab and Sindh, involving 850 patients (412 pre-implementation, 438 post-implementation). Quantitative analyses assessed changes in early-stage diagnosis rates, diagnostic intervals, referral completion, and patient satisfaction. Qualitative interviews explored user experience and adoption barriers.

Result: Following implementation, early-stage breast cancer diagnoses increased from 41.3% to 57.9% (p < 0.001; adjusted OR = 1.82). Referral completion improved from 62% to 84%, and diagnostic intervals decreased by 36%. Patient satisfaction rose from 3.4 to 4.5 on a 5-point Likert scale. Qualitative data indicated strong acceptance due to confidentiality and convenience, though challenges such as limited digital literacy and weak internet connectivity persisted.

Conclusion: PinkDetect significantly enhanced early detection, diagnostic efficiency, and patient satisfaction. Its integration into national cancer programs could strengthen early-diagnosis frameworks in Pakistan and similar low-resource contexts.

Keywords: Breast Cancer, PinkDetect, Pakistan, Healthcare Innovation, Diagnosis