Nursing Bottle Syndrome (NBS) and Its Implications for Pediatric Oral Health

Abstract

Nursing Bottle Syndrome (NBS), or Early Childhood Caries (ECC), is a severe dental condition affecting infants and young children, primarily due to prolonged exposure to sugary liquids through bottle-feeding. This condition is particularly prevalent when children are allowed to sleep with bottles, exposing the maxillary anterior teeth to continuous sugar contact and limited salivary protection. Various risk factors such as poor oral hygiene, nighttime feeding, low fluoride exposure, and socioeconomic factors contribute to the onset and severity of NBS. Clinically, NBS presents with white demineralization spots progressing to dark cavities, often sparing the mandibular incisors. If untreated, it can lead to pain, abscesses, malocclusion, and systemic infections. Prevention focuses on early parental education, timely weaning, use of fluoride, and improved feeding practices. Management depends on severity, ranging from fluoride varnish and dietary counseling to restorative treatments or surgical interventions under general anesthesia. Addressing modifiable risk factors and ensuring early dental visits are crucial for reducing NBS prevalence. Promoting awareness and improving access to dental care can significantly enhance pediatric oral health outcomes, particularly in low-resource settings.